• Title Systematic reviews on sputum expectoration proportion
  • Granting Agency Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  • Period 18 January 2024 – 31 December 2024
  • Amount $188,600 USD

There is a lot of ongoing work on tongue swabs for improving TB case detection, and a WHO Guideline Development Group (GDG) process is expected in 2025. This project will support a series of systematic reviews, done using transparent and reproducible methods, to help quantify the proportion of people who are unable to produce sputum. This will be a helpful input into the GDG process.